1	Engaging the International Community: Research on ITS Applications to Improve Environmental Performance Steven E. Shladover, Sc.D. California PATH Program University of California, Berkeley September 2011
2	Outline Background behind project creation Energy ITS Program in Japan European Commission projects Contrasts between U.S. and overseas situations Recommendations for AERIS activity
3	Project Background Japan’s Energy ITS Program initiated outreach to Europe and U.S. for research coordination and collaboration on ITS for environment and energy Tokyo, March 2009 Stockholm, September 2009 Amsterdam, March 2010 Tokyo/Busan, October/November 2010 Vienna, June 2011 European Commission funded ECOSTAND project as a “coordinating action”, at €735 K for two years U.S. participation has been ad-hoc until now With higher levels of activity in the other countries, we need to become more engaged
4	Japan’s Energy ITS Program Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), funded at $12 M per year, 5 years (now at 3.5 years) 90% for automated truck platooning 10% for modeling effects that ITS can have on reducing transportation CO₂ Six working groups, seeking international participants from Europe and U.S.: Defining ITS applications that can reduce CO₂ Traffic simulation modeling Emissions modeling Probe vehicle monitoring Model verification and validation methodology International traffic data warehouse
5	Most Relevant Current EC Projects eCoMove - €22.5 M from 2010 – 2013 Direct successor to CVIS and SAFESPOT Diverse cooperative vehicle-related ITS services, for testing on 4 cars and 2 trucks: Eco-driving, freight logistics, route guidance, adaptive cruise control, transmission shifting control Both arterial and freeway traffic control In-Time - €4.5 M from 2009-2012 Multi-modal traffic and traveler information, to encourage mode shifts Freilot - €4 M from 2009 -2011 Freight movement efficiency through eco-driving, logistics, and improved green wave signal control
6	Newer EC Initiatives on ITS for the Environment CO₂ reduction is now the dominant motivation for ITS projects, ahead of safety and mobility €50 M this year for new proposals on low-carbon freight and multi-modal mobility €40 M next year for new proposals on: Cooperative systems for low-carbon multi-modal mobility European-Wide Service Platform for cooperative systems enabled services N.B.: “Green Car” initiative has already provided €60 M on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for the Fully Electric Vehicle
7	Activities in China on ITS for the Environment Increasing urgency now that China is the leading CO₂ emitter 2020 goal to reduce CO₂ by 40-45% per unit GDP from 2005 level Policies for low carbon transportation Major urban and inter-urban rapid transit expansions Subsidies for retiring older high emission vehicles ITS research in Ministry of Science and Technology, with indirect link to environment issues Information sharing and connectivity Multi-modal efficiency improvements Advanced traffic management
8	Overseas Perspectives Other industrialized countries ratified Kyoto and take its CO₂ reduction goals seriously Drastic changes needed by 2050 Nobody has a solution to meet those goals CO₂ reduction becoming the dominant factor in transport policy, then reflected in transportation research priorities Others investing much more heavily in this than the U.S. Primarily research funding from agencies responsible for industrial competitiveness rather than transportation
9	Immediate Imperatives Relative to Japan’s Energy ITS Initiative Japan wants to define the evaluation metrics and procedures now, so everybody knows how ITS products will be evaluated for CO₂ savings (METI initiative) Their approach has serious technical limitations, where we could help Japan has invited Europe and the U.S. to collaborate, but we have been slow to respond U.S. needs to get engaged in this, building on our strengths in transportation planning and operations and emissions modeling
10	Broader Implications for AERIS Japan and EC investments in developing target systems dwarf the AERIS budget, making it hard to be competitive Modeling effects of ITS on energy, CO₂ and criteria pollutants is a pre-competitive topic area where we could collaborate and benefit greatly These models are needed to facilitate domestic ITS deployments anyway The technical challenges are large enough to need the best international experts ITS has already suffered from lack of adequate models (“Moving Cooler”) Data needed from real deployments
11	Model Development and Validation Needs Separate approaches, depending on the effects of ITS: Reducing demand for vehicle travel à regional transportation planning and travel demand models Improving vehicle operational efficiency à microscopic models, with results extrapolated to regional and national levels Improving infrastructure operational efficiency à newer integrated models needed, incorporating driver behavior and traffic phenomena Separate short-term latent demand effects from long-term induced demand effects, based on real data rather than ideology