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U.S. Department of Transportation
Research and Innovative Technology Administration
Triscallion_Black
§Standards:
□Do not ‘over-develop’ standards.
□Consider the use of ‘soft law’ where standards are set and then benchmarking is established to determine if people are meeting benchmarks voluntarily.
§Regulation:
□Look at the model of Rulemaking Workshops and Negotiated Regulations (RegNeg) in various case studies.  RegNegs are used to identify critical issues, create consensus, or help mitigate disputes.  The decisions are not binding on the agency or stakeholders.  This has typically been used in the EPA and OSHA in developing industry standards. 
§Certification:
□Certification can be a great enforcement tool and establishes  trust – an essential element in a cooperative safety system. Certification can have unintended consequences by locking in a certain type of technology and inhibiting innovation.
□Certification represents an example where a wholly government function can be transitioned to the private sector. It is better to have multiple certifiers. This keeps standards high and encourages competition.
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Governance Tools and Lessons in Application
Certification used to be pure government function, but now there are commercial sector labs available. However, there are government requirements to become a certification lab.  It is assumed that real-time safety applications will have to be certified.
Example:  With cognitive radio, the Federal government initially set standards and certified devices. Now certification of technology for interoperability and safety is done by a commercial sector laboratory, but maintains that certification standards are still set by the government, acting as a delegated role.
Divide portions of the Connected Vehicle program into separate elements.  In particular, examine DSRC requirements separate from mobility requirements.  A similar idea was used in the health industry.  They focused on the key elements for simple information exchange but identified some areas for higher security.
When considering models, the Internet is one possibility, but the Internet model contains a large amount of risk since it is open and insecure.  The DOT standards seem high – making tolerance for failure low.  However, the Internet is many different models (ITF, ICANN, etc) that contain some useful elements, particularly information management.  There is a large amount of information flowing into an infrastructure, which asks questions such as “Where is it going?” and “Who is using it?”  There are many models for managing complex information systems.