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- USDOT ITS Connected Vehicle Workshop
- Mike Lukuc, NHTSA Research
- September 25, 2012
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- Address 5.9 GHz DSRC technical issues related to interoperability,
scalability, security, and data integrity / reliability
- Provide necessary inputs into the relevant standards development and
related efforts, as required, in order to ensure a deployable
standards-based system
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- Task Goal
- To achieve V2V safety communications and security interoperability
between On Board Equipment (OBE) systems from different manufacturers
- Accomplishments
- Specified preliminary minimum device requirements for V2V safety
communications and security
- Worked with 4 suppliers to develop On-Board Equipment (OBEs) to meet
requirements
- Conducted interoperability testing and analyzed interoperability test
results
- Developed and implemented remediation recommendations for device
requirements and industry standards
- Achieved device level Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) safety communications
and security interoperability between OBEs from different manufacturers
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- Task Goal
- Identify a transmission control protocol for scalable V2V safety
communications that will preserve the performance of V2V safety
applications in both congested as well as un-congested communication
environments.
- Primary Transmit Test Configurations to Address the Goal
- Baseline 1 – 10 Hz fixed BSM transmit rate
- Baseline 2 – 5 Hz fixed BSM transmit rate
- Algorithm X – Adaptive control of the BSM transmission rate and
transmission power based on a host vehicle position tracking error
estimation and channel utilization assessment
- Algorithm Y – Adaptive control of the BSM transmission rate based on
reported channel utilization assessments from neighboring vehicles and
that measured by the host vehicle
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- Metrics for analyzing transmit test configuration performance
- Packet Error Rate (PER): Ratio of the number of missed packets at a
receiver from a particular transmitter and total number of packets sent
by that transmitter
- Inter Packet Gap (IPG): Time between successive successful packet
receptions from a particular transmitter
- Position Tracking Error (TE): Difference between a transmitter’s
position and a receiver’s estimate of the transmitter’s position
- Channel Busy Percentage (CBP): Ratio of the time during which the
wireless channel is busy (energy level is higher than carrier sensing
threshold) to the period of time over which CBP is being measured
- Vehicle Safety Application Range Error: Threat range error in actual
warning range versus the nominal warning range assuming fixed speed and
acceleration
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- Testing Increments and Locations
- 50 Vehicle Test
- Transportation Research Center (TRC) from November 11 - 18, 2011
- 100 Vehicle Test
- Naval Air Station Alameda from January 24 - 31, 2012
- 200 Vehicle Test
- TRC from March 24 – April 3, 2012
- 200 Vehicle Test
- 6 primary driving configurations encompassing 8 driving scenarios
- Highway – 2 Scenarios
- Intersection – 1 Scenario
- V2V Safety Application – 1 Scalability Scenario w/ 3 Safety
Application Scenarios
- High Dynamics Winding Road – 1 Scenario
- Hidden Node – 2 Scenarios
- Sudden Loading Effect – 1 Scenario
- 3 OBE scaling increments: 100, 150, & 200 OBEs
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- Preliminary observations from the 200 vehicle test scenarios:
- The channel congestion level was highest for the Baseline 10 Hz
configuration but was not to the point of being fully saturated
- For all configurations and scenarios, there was no evidence of
significant degradation of the communication performance that would
seem to result in degradation of the vehicle safety applications for
200 vehicles
- Algorithm X and Algorithm Y show promising communication performance
that may result in good performance of the vehicle safety applications
for 200 vehicles while reducing the channel utilization to lower values
in comparison to the baseline 10 Hz configuration
- Next Steps – Finalize V2V safety communication technique(s) that will
support large-scale deployment level of vehicles while preserving the
performance of V2V safety applications (Phase II)
- Calibration of communication simulation environments
- Algorithm refinement and, if necessary, development of alternate
approaches
- Field testing
- Incorporate recommendations into standards
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- Task Goal
- Develop technical requirements and build a prototype security system,
test this system, and utilize it within the scalability testing
- Accomplishments:
- Developed enhanced OBE security software, a prototype infrastructure
security server, and Security Framework Access Devices (SFADs)
- Equipped 4 OBEs (2 each from two suppliers) with the enhanced security
software and provisioned them with SFADs to communicate with the CAMP
VSC3 prototype security server
- Tested the OBEs in the scalability environment at TRC in close
proximity with 196 other units broadcasting BSMs on channel 172
- Demonstrated that the OBEs were able to request and receive security
credentials from the Registration Authority (RA) located in the CAMP
VSC3 lab, receive batches of certificates, and verify certificates from
other OBEs for the following channel configurations:
- Channel 174 (adjacent channel to the other 196 units)
- Channel 172 (same as 196 units)
- Cellular 3G
- Goal
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- Goal:
- Define and assess the requirements necessary for vehicles to trust the
accuracy of the data in the OTA messages and to ensure proper
functionality of the safety applications
- Accomplishments:
- Developed the SP BSM Minimum Performance Requirements
- Developed initial draft of objective test procedures and test plan for:
- Vehicle Awareness Device (VAD) / Aftermarket Safety Device (ASD)
Minimum Performance Requirements (MPR) certification for MD
- ASD application certification for MD
- Determined differences in the outcome of the preliminary objective
tests when the sensor data are varied within the currently expected
accuracy ranges using simulation
- Assessed aftermarket units (with no, or limited, connection with
vehicle networks) in terms of capabilities and ability to meet
preliminary certification procedures
- Follow-up work is being conducted in V2V-MD Project
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- For Standards Development
- Active participation in IEEE 802.11, IEEE 1609.x, and SAE J2735
- Well-positioned for SAE J2945 development
- For Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD)
- Knowledge transfer of preliminary technical requirements from
V2V-Interoperability research for consideration in USDOT SPMD
activities
- Coordination subsequently transferred to CAMP VSC3 V2V-MD Project
- With Vehicle Infrastructure Integration Consortium (VIIC)
- Security technical inputs related to security policy considerations
- Close coordination for initial deployment model identification
activities
- Technical cooperation on EU-US harmonization
- For US-EU Standards Harmonization
- Basic Safety Message (BSM) / Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM)
harmonization at the data element level
- Harmonization on minimum performance requirements on hold pending
further input from V2V-MD Project
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Notes
