1	Human Factors for Connected Vehicles Chris Monk Federal Highway Administration (on behalf of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) August 4, 2011
2	The Connected Vehicle
3	Human Factors for Connected Vehicles Outcome Goal Connected Vehicle technologies and applications will have Driver Vehicle Interfaces (DVI) that effectively communicate safety information while managing workload and minimizing distraction Product Goal Human Factors Guidelines to ensure interfaces are effective without increasing distraction or creating high workload
4	Key Human Factors What makes an effective safety application interface? Attracts the driver’s attention Directs it to the threat in time Invokes correct and quick driver response Driver distraction is the diversion of attention from activities critical for safe driving to a competing activity.
5	Human Factors Guidelines Provide designers with guidance supported by the best available empirical evidence Some guidelines are stated as general principles and practices at a functional level Other guidelines are highly specific and quantitative, like design criteria Greater incorporation of performance-based criteria
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7	Program Scope Multiple Applications: V2V and V2I Safety, Mobility, Sustainability Special concern about non-safety applications Original equipment, Nomadic (carry-in) devices, software “Apps” Multiple User Groups: Light vehicles Commercial Vehicles Transit operators Age groups: Older and Younger drivers
8	New Roadmap
9	Path to the Guidelines
10	Phase 1 Activities Safety Pilot DVI Design Criteria Effective Warnings Data for improving warning design Integration Requirements Definition Integration requirements based on preliminary test-track study Framework for the Guidelines Document Best Practices for Distraction Mitigation Preliminary Distraction Measurement Protocol for Connected Vehicle systems
11	Safety Pilot DVI Design Criteria Develop DVI Design Criteria for Safety Pilot developers Completed in March 2011 Contractor will assess adherence at Driver Clinics and for Model Deployment
12	Effective Warning Design Six studies investigating a range of critical issues for warning design User-based structure for message coding Urgency coding within and across modalities Comparison of alternative warning modalities Multiple warning events Message prioritization, display and information management (preliminary) Nomadic device requirements All studies in data collection except Nomadic devices Project will be completed in Fall 2011
13	Integration Requirements Definition Objective: Explore the range of potential integration strategies that impact the human’s interaction within the CV system Major Activities: Identification of multi-DVI integration knowledge gaps Conduct experiment on key issues Human Factors Design Guidelines Framework development Product: Initial integration study results to inform Requirements Human Factors Design Guidelines Framework
14	Experimental Approach Test track study conducted on VTTI’s Smart Road Instrumented Vehicle Data Acquisition System Application Emulator
15	Device Locations and Applications Applications (all Android-based) Imminent Safety Emerging Hazards Public Safety/Emergency Management Mobility: Traffic Routing Public Transit Options Environmental Stewardship Weather Advisory Advertising/Marketing Social Networking Device locations
16	Integration Requirements Conclusions Display Location: The mobile device was less effective at presenting imminent safety information and was less favorable Unexpected Finding: Lower “Glance times to Device” and shorter “Maximum Glance Duration” to mobile device compared to fixed and integrated Not indicative of safer performance; rather, too hard to look/too unsafe to look Supported by subjective results Application-specific findings: The Internet and environmental applications resulted in the longest maximum glance durations and Internet, environmental and advertising applications received the lowest preference ratings.
17	Best Practices for Distraction Mitigation Objective: Develop test procedures that can be used with production vehicles and nomadic technologies to assess distraction potential and usability. Major activities: Expert/Stakeholder interviews Experiments Product: Test Procedures for Evaluating Distraction Potential in Connected Vehicle Systems: Performance Metrics
18	Best Practices Report CV-AWARE: Connected Vehicle- Attention Workload Awareness Road-Centered Evaluation CV-AWARE method showed good cross platform repeatability 14 performance metrics extracted from experimental data building upon distraction metrics developed in non-Connected Vehicle studies Cost and resource requirements discussed for each metric Future research needs identified
19	Phase 1 Accomplishments - CY2011 Safety Pilot DVI Design Criteria Completed in March Effective Warnings Five of 6 studies currently collecting data or completed All will be completed Fall 2011 Integration Requirements Final Report delivered June 2011 Design Guidelines Framework completed in June 2011 Best Practices Final Report delivered May 2011
20	Path to the Guidelines: Phase 2
21	DVI Guidance Research Stakeholder/Experts Workshop Bring together key researchers to discuss the outcomes of Phase 1 and plans for Phase 2 Develop DVI guidance with focus on non-safety applications and connectivity issues Main activity for addressing key design guidance gaps Light Vehicles, Heavy Vehicles, Transit Operators Age groups Includes vehicle-to-Infrastructure issues
22	Integration Architecture & Guidelines Concept of Operations Integration Architecture Message Priority scheme Modality scheme/guidance/conflict matrix Evaluation procedures Guidelines Final HF Guidelines produced in this Task
23	Integrated System Measurement Overall “Metric Toolbox” for evaluating multiple, integrated DVI-based Connected Vehicle systems and applications Non-safety and safety applications Validation efforts Light Vehicles, Heavy Vehicles, Transit Operators Age groups Includes vehicle-to-Infrastructure issues
24	Distraction Metric Refinement Follow-on to Phase 1 Best Practices work Incorporate expert interview outcomes Produce more complete and tested Distraction Metrics with emphasis on connectivity issues Situation Awareness Interruption/resumption issues Light Vehicles, Heavy Vehicles, Transit Operators Age groups Includes vehicle-to-Infrastructure issues
25	Predictive DVI Evaluation Tool - NEW Software tool for designers to be able to estimate distraction potential or workload issues for their DVI and system configurations A new program product that does not feed guidelines directly Very useful for designers Will likely produce partially validated tool
26	Other Phase 2 Activities Longer-term Exposure Field Operational Experiment Managed by Volpe Center To be awarded early this Fall
27	Phase 2 Accomplishments - CY2011 Stakeholder/Experts Workshop Concept of Operations for Multi-DVI Integration Additional Analyses from Phase 1 data Literature Reviews and Gap Analyses Draft Work Plans for studies FOE Kick-off
28	Contact Information Chris Monk, FHWA 202-493-3365 chris.monk@dot.gov