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- Applications for the Environment: Real-Time Information Synthesis
(AERIS) Program
- Fall/Winter Webinar Series
- November 14th, 2012
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- Focuses on environmental applications at signalized intersections
- Mobility applications are being researched by the DMA Program
- Provides an operational description of “how” the Transformative Concept
may operate.
- Communicates user needs and desired capabilities for and expectations of
the Eco-Signal Operations Transformative Concept .
- Builds consensus among AERIS user groups and stakeholders concerning
these needs and expectations.
- USDOT
- State and Local Departments of Transportation (DOTs)
- Regional Planning Organizations
- The Automotive Industry
- ITS Developers, Integrators, and Researchers
- Serves as a guideline moving forward with research and development of AERIS
applications.
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- Increase in emissions from transportation from 1990 to 2008 can be
attributed to:
- A 37 percent increase in light-duty vehicle miles traveled (VMT) due
to:
- Population Growth
- Economic Growth
- Urban Sprawl
- Low Fuel Prices
- While the total average fuel economy of vehicles increased during this
time, the average fuel economy of vehicles sold during this time
decreased
- Light duty trucks, including sport utility vehicles, accounted for
more than half of the vehicle market in 2004
- As VMT and sales of vehicles with poor fuel economy increased,
petroleum consumption also increased, which led to an increase in
emissions
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- Fixed Timed Operation
- Does not require traffic detectors at the intersection
- Includes a set programmed time to service all movements every cycle
- Services all movements whether or not there is vehicle demand
- Assumes that the traffic patterns can be predicted based on time of day
- Actuated Operation (Semi-Actuated or Fully Actuated)
- Consists of actuated traffic signal controllers and traffic detectors placed
in or on the roadways approaching the intersection
- Primarily concerned with when green intervals terminate
- Maximum Green Time
- Traffic Flow Ceases on the Approach
- Force-off by the Signal System
- Traffic Signal Pre-emption
- Adaptive Signal Operation
- Consists of adaptive traffic control system and traffic detectors placed
in or on the roadways approaching the intersection
- Coordinates control of traffic signals across a signal network,
adjusting the lengths of signal phases based on prevailing traffic conditions
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- The 2007 National Traffic Signal Report Card estimated that “updating
signal timing costs less than $3,000 per intersection,” can reduce
emissions up to 22%, and has a high return on investment.
- A number of traffic signal coordination projects in the United States
have documented emissions savings. Some examples include:
- Syracuse, New York | The implementation of traffic signal coordination
reduced emissions by 9 to 13%, reduced delays by 14 to 19%, and
increased the average speed by 7 to 17%.
- St. Augustine, Texas | Traffic signal coordination resulted in a
savings of 26,000 gallons of fuel, reduced delays by 36%, and saved
$1.1 million.
- Los Angeles, California | Emissions reductions of 14% and a reduction
of fuel by 13% were achieved by implementing traffic signal
coordination.
- Oakland County, Michigan | The County’s traffic signal coordination
project reduced CO by 1.7 to 2.5 percent, NOx by 1.9 to 3.5%, and
reduced fuel consumption by 2.7 to 4.2%.
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- Adaptive Signal Operations
- Tucson, Arizona | Models indicated adaptive signal control could decrease
delay for travelers on the main street by 18.5% while decreasing delay
for travelers on cross-streets by 28.4%.
- Los Angeles, California | Adaptive signal control systems improved
travel time by 13%, decreased stops by 31%, and reduced delay by 21%.
- The University of Virginia | Simulation study found that adaptive signal
control reduced delay by 18 to 20% when compared to fixed-time signal
control.
- Lee’s Summit, Missouri | An adaptive traffic signal system was implemented
on a 2.5-mile arterial with 12 signals.
- Emissions either increased or decreased depending on whether or not
the signal favored the direction of travel.
- When traveling in the direction favored by the signal, emissions decreased.
- When traveling in the direction not favored by the signal, emissions ranged
from an increase of 9% to a decrease of 50%.
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- Current systems are limited by the data collected from
infrastructure-based sensors
- Current systems do not collect and use (or collect and use minimal)
environmental data
- Emissions data are not collected from vehicles
- The majority of traffic signal systems are not optimized in “real-time”
- Adaptive traffic signal systems require an extensive amount of
infrastructure-based sensors per approach
- Current traffic signal systems are generally optimized for mobility, not
the environment
- Current traffic signal priority applications do not consider
environmental impacts at the signalized intersection
- Current traffic signal systems do not provide information to drivers to
support eco-driving
- Electric vehicles are not capable of charging their batteries as they
wait at signalized intersections
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- The market penetration of connected vehicle technologies is expected to
take time to achieve comprehensive deployment.
- Infrastructure deployed during this transition must continue to support
the environmental needs of non-equipped vehicles while leveraging the
capabilities of connected vehicles to realize the benefits of vehicle-to-
infrastructure (V2I) communications.
- The first generation of V2I applications will build upon current
infrastructure systems for non-equipped vehicles, while at the same time
providing data and information to connected vehicles to support better
situational awareness and more informed decisions.
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- Similar to today’s ITS: adaptive traffic signal systems and traffic
signal priority applications
- Imagine:
- Signal phase and timing (SPaT) data broadcast to vehicles where
in-vehicle systems perform calculations to provide speed advice to drivers
in order to reduce starts, stops, idling, and to support eco-driving on
arterials.
- Adaptive traffic signal systems optimized for the environment using data
collected from vehicles, such as vehicle location, speed, fuel
consumption and other emissions data.
- Inductive charging infrastructure located at stop bars enabling
electric vehicles to charge while stopped at traffic signals.
- Smarter transit signal priority based on emissions, transit vehicle
occupancy, and schedule adherence data.
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- The Eco-Signal Operations Transformative Concept includes the use of innovative
applications that use connected vehicle technologies to decrease fuel
consumption and decrease greenhouse gases (GHGs) and criteria air
pollutant emissions on arterials by reducing idling, reducing the number
of stops, reducing unnecessary vehicle accelerations and decelerations,
and improving traffic flow at signalized intersections.
- The Transformative Concept includes four applications:
- Eco-Traffic Signal Timing
- Eco-Approach and Departure at Signalized Intersections
- Eco-Traffic Signal Priority
- Connected Eco-Driving
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- Similar to current traffic signal systems, but uses connected vehicle
technologies to help optimize traffic signals for the environment. The
system:
- Gathers traffic and environmental data from multiple sources including
ITS Roadway Equipment, Connected Vehicle Roadway Equipment, and other
systems.
- Processes these data to develop operational strategies at signalized
intersections, focused on reducing fuel consumption and overall
emissions at the intersection, along a corridor, or for a region.
- Evaluates traffic and environmental parameters at each intersection
every cycle in real-time and adapts to fluctuating traffic and
environmental conditions through its optimization algorithm.
- Readily adapts signal control to actual traffic volumes and
environmental conditions so that the traffic network operation is
optimized using available green time to serve the actual traffic
demands minimizing the environmental impact.
- Supports eco-traffic signal priority.
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- Allows drivers of vehicles to opt-in to applications that provide
real-time information so that they can adjust driving behavior to save
fuel and reduce emissions.
- Collects traffic data, environmental data, vehicle status data from
other vehicles, terrain information, and SPaT information available
through DSRC or other wireless communication
- Processes data to determine optimal eco-driving strategies which in turn
are disseminated to the driver through an operator interface.
- Considers start-stop capabilities that automatically shut down and
restart the vehicle’s engine reducing the amount of time the engine
spends idling, thereby reducing fuel consumption and emissions.
- Allows for wireless charging of electric vehicle batteries.
- Provides feedback / analysis of a driver’s driving behavior including
fuel consumption, emissions, and financial savings for a trip.
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- The AERIS Program wants to hear your thoughts on the Eco-Signal
Operations Transformative Concept.
- You can provide inputs and feedback using the AERIS IdeaScale Site (https://aeris.ideascale.com).
- The AERIS Program will be conducting a Workshop in early 2013 to
walk-through the Concept of Operations for the Eco-Signal Operations
Transformative Concept and other AERIS ConOps. More details will be
provided as workshop planning is finalized.
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Notes
