NSTWOS Ear
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ITS World Congress 2012
Complete
Failure
Temporary
Operational
Failure
Reduced
Capacity
Impacts:  Scale Versus Frequency
As the frequency of events increases, we must consider total costs, not just costs from an individual event.  Yes, the costs of “complete failures” are very large, on an individual basis.  But if we add up the costs of all the “reduced capacity” events, which happen much more frequently than the “complete failures,” we see that they have the bigger impact.