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2	What is IVBSS? A New Tier I Initiative Vision: All vehicles would be equipped with integrated driver assistance systems to help drivers avoid the most common types of crashes. Goal: To work with industry to accelerate introduction of integrated vehicle-based safety systems into the U.S. vehicle fleet. Addresses 3 Crash Types: Rear End Road Departure Lane Change
3	Who’s Involved
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6	There are many research issues to look at: Multiple threats and Prioritization of warnings Ways to avoid a crash Behavioral adaptation Non-useful warnings (includes false warnings) Effective DVI design
7	Multiple Threats A major issue with multiple warnings is not only alerting the driver to the presence of multiple threats, but communicating the hazard type and appropriate response.
8	Multiple Threats
9	Multiple Threats How can multiple threats that occur at near-simultaneous points in time be communicated to the driver? Is multi-modal presentation more or less effective than using one modality? Can drivers discriminate between alerts and effectively respond to each threat? Can an IVBSS system be effective without prioritization?
10	Avoiding a crash Can a driver successfully be directed how to avoid a crash? How many scenarios need to be developed to understand what is possible? Are auditory instructions (such as “swerve left”) appropriate or are there better ways to elicit quicker or appropriate responses from drivers? For example, a haptic cue or a pedal push may result in quicker response times or less confusion as to how to respond
11	Avoiding a crash
12	Behavioral Adaptation How should the system be designed to minimize adverse behavioral adaptation by drivers? What is needed to prevent riskier driving behavior due to the perception of increased safety provided by an (effective) crash avoidance system?
13	Non useful warnings Non useful warnings include: False alarms Nuisance warnings Examples: An FCW system detects an object ahead of the vehicle on a curve, out of the intended travel path, but in the radar’s field of view A driver is already responding to an object detected by a CW system
14	Non useful warnings How will non-useful warnings (including false alarms) affect driver acceptance and system effectiveness? What is the acceptable level of false alarms and other non-useful warnings? Additional Examples: A driver changes a lane without using a turning signal and the system recognizes an off-path target A false curve speed warning goes off and an off-path target is detected
15	DVI Design Sensors and technology may be able to detect a crash threat, but the Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI) must be effective or the IVBSS system will not be successful.
16	DVI Design How will individual differences and intervening variables such as age be accommodated? What are the DVI implications? Should a DVI adapt to the state of the driver? (distracted, impaired, alert) Are there DVI parameters that should be standardized?
17	Final Thoughts… The key to driver acceptance and successful deployment of IVBSS technology will be an effective DVI There are significant human factors research issues that need to be and will be addressed in the IVBSS program Creating an effective DVI may be a larger challenge than the integration of system hardware and software
18	Contact: Jack Ference U.S. DOT /NHTSA (202) 366-0168 jack.ference@nhtsa.dot.gov