Figure 3 is a series of graphics that represent general elements of the transportation systems. Next to each graphic is a box that identifies the standards associated with each element. Starting at the top left hand corner, the graphic is a building that represents a transportation management center. Under the graphic is a box with the Center-to-Field heading that associates the Center with NTCIP standards for traffic management. Lines flow from the building down to a graphic of a set of lights that line a roadway. Next to the building graphic on the right is a box with a Center-to-Center heading and the identification of IEEE standards 1512.x and the Transportation Management Data Dictionary (TMDD) standard. Both are used for center-to-center communications for such applications as emergency management or traffic management, which are both mentioned as examples within the box. To the right of the box and in the upper right hand corner is another building graphic representing another center that is receiving communications from the center in the left hand corner.

Below the buildings are graphics of two vehicles. One is a truck that is following behind a car. Next to the car is an image of hands on a steering wheel within a car and a line from this image back to the car graphic. There are three boxes associated with these vehicle graphics that represent three forms of communications. They are:

• A box with the heading Vehicle-to-Vehicle and the identification of the standards: IEEE 802.11P, IEEE 1609.x, and SAE J2735. These standards are used for such applications as cooperative collision avoidance.
• A box with the heading In-Vehicle (next to the image of the inside of a car). The associated standards are: SAE J1760, SAE J2366/x, and SAE J2395.
• A final box with the heading Vehicle-to-Infrastructure. The associated standards are ASTM E2213, IEE 802.11P, IEEE 1609.x, and SAE J2735. Vehicle-to-infrastructure applications include such applications and road hazard alerts or traveler information.

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