Module 43 - I261
I261: Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) ITS Standards for Project Managers
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Module I261: Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) ITS Standards for Project Managers
Table of Contents
Introduction/Purpose - 2
Reference to Other Standards - 5
Glossary - 4
abbrs - 6
References - 8
Study Questions - 10
Module Description
This module is an introduction to the connected vehicle environment, with a focus on a standards-based vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. I101, Using ITS Standards - An Overview, is a recommended prerequisite for participants. A companion module is I262, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) ITS Standards for Project Managers, which focuses on standards-based vehicle-to-vehicle communications.
1. Introduction/Purpose
The connected vehicle environment has the potential to significantly reduce vehicular crashes, provide operators of surface transportation systems with more timely and accurate system performance data to better manage their systems, and provide travelers with access to specific traveler information. In such an environment, each vehicle on the roadway can also potentially serve as a data collector, providing transportation planners with a wealth of real-time travel data.
This module provides an introduction to the connected vehicle environment and a description of the potential benefits and capabilities of a Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) environment. The module presents several V2I safety, mobility, and environmental applications and discusses the types of information that may be exchanged between the different devices that make up the V2I environment.
The module then presents the ITS Standards that help support the deployment of a V2I application and a V2I infrastructure. The module also introduces some of the challenges to designing and implementing a V2I infrastructure, and provides some strategies and approaches to deploying the V2I infrastructure.
It is essential that agencies use standards in deploying connected vehicle technologies to maximize the benefits from the connected vehicle environment. By taking this module, participants will learn what connected vehicle standards exist, where to find the standards, and how to use the connected vehicle standards to procure, implement and operate standards-based devices and equipment. Deploying these connected vehicle standards will support interoperability, minimize future integration costs, make procurements easier, and facilitate regional and national integration.
2. Reference to Other Standards
USDOT
ASTM
IEEE
ISO
SAE
3. Glossary
To include additional descriptions/abbrs used primarily in the module.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aftermarket Safety Device (ASD) | A connected device in a vehicle that operates while the vehicle is mobile, but which is not connected to the data bus of the vehicle. |
| Application | A piece of software that processes inputs for a specific use or purpose. |
| Backhaul | The closed network communications links between a Traffic Management Center (or other back offices), links between TMCs, and field installations (such as traffic signal controllers, traffic cameras, and other sensors). This could also include the link between the Security Credential Management System (SCMS) and roadside distribution device. |
| Basic Safety Message (BSM) | The core data set transmitted by the connected vehicle (vehicle size, position, speed, heading acceleration, brake system status) and transmitted approximately 10x per second. A secondary set is available depending upon events (e.g., ABS activated) and contains a variable set of data elements drawn from many optional data elements (availability by vehicle model varies). This would be transmitted less frequently. The BSM is tailored for low latency; localized broadcast required by V2V safety applications but can be used with many other types of applications. |
| Connected Device | Any device used to transmit to or receive messages from another device. A connected device can be sub-categorized as an OBE, ASD, VAD, or RSE. In many cases, the connected device will be a DSRC device, but other types of communications can and are expected to be supported. |
| Connected Vehicle (CV) | A vehicle containing an OBU or ASD. Note that vehicles may alternatively include a Vehicle Awareness Device (VAD), which transmits the BSM but does not received broadcasts from other devices and cannot directly support vehicle-based applications. |
| Connected Vehicle Reference Implementation Architecture (CVRIA) | A set of system architecture views that describe the functions, physical and logical interfaces, enterprise/institutional relationships, and communications protocol dependencies within the connected vehicle environment. The CVRIA defines functionality and information exchanges needed to provide connected vehicle applications. |
| Dedicated Short Range Communications(DSRC) | The use of non-voice radio techniques to transfer data over short distances between roadside and mobile radio units, between mobile units, and between portable and mobile units to perform operations related to the improvement of traffic flow, traffic safety and other intelligent transportation service applications in a variety of public and commercial environments. [FCC, Dedicated Short Range Communications of Intelligent Transportation Services - Final Rule, FR Doc No: 99-30591] A technology for the transmission of information between multiple vehicles (V2V) and between vehicles and the transportation infrastructure (V2I) using wireless technologies. |
| Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) | Systems that apply data processing and data communications to surface transportation, to increase safety and efficiency. ITS systems will often integrate components and users from many domains, both public and private. |
| Interoperability | The ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged. The dependence of the CV Environment on successful exchange of data between independent components results in a requirement that all V2I deployments. |
| Latency | A measure of time delay experienced in a system, the precise definition of which depends on the system and the time being measured. For a data element in this context, latency is the time difference between the time that data value is acquired by the source and the time the message is transmitted. |
| MAP | A message containing roadway geometric information. |
| NTCIP | The National Transportation Communications for Intelligent Transportation System Protocol (NTCIP) is a family of standards designed to achieve interoperability and interchangeability between computers and electronic traffic control equipment from different manufacturers. |
| On-Board Equipment (OBE) | This term refers to the complement of equipment located in the vehicle for the purpose of supporting the vehicle side of the applications. It is likely to include the DSRC radios, other radio equipment, message processing, driver interface, and other applications to support the use cases described herein. It is also referred to as the Vehicle ITS Station. When referring to the DSRC radio alone, the correct term is OBU (see below). |
| On-Board Unit (OBU) | A vehicle mounted device used to transmit and receive a variety of message traffic to and from other connected devices (other OBUs and RSUs). Among the message types and applications supported by this device are vehicle safety messages, a primary subject of this standard, used to exchange information on each vehicle's dynamic movements for coordination and safety. |
| RoadSide Equipment (RSE) | Term used to describe the complement of equipment to be located at the roadside; the RSE will prepare and transmit messages to the vehicles and receive messages from the vehicles for the purpose of supporting the V2I applications. This is intended to include the DSRC radio, traffic signal controller where appropriate, interface to the backhaul communications network necessary to support the applications, and support such functions as data security, encryption, buffering, and message processing. It may also be referred to as the roadside ITS station. When speaking of the DSRC radio alone, the correct term is RSU (see below). |
| RoadSide Unit (RSU) | A connected device that is only allowed to operate from a fixed position (which may in fact be a permanent installation or from temporary equipment brought on-site for a period of time associated with an incident, road construction, or other event). Some RSEs may have connectivity to other nodes or the Internet. |
| Security Certificate Management System (SCMS) | A public key infrastructure approach to security involving the management of digital certificates that are used to sign and authenticate messages among legitimate but unknown vehicles and/or equipment and/or other points of connection. |
| Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT) | A message type that describes the current state of a signal system and its phases and relates this to the specific lanes (and therefore to maneuvers and approaches) in the intersection. |
| Vehicle | A self-propelled transport device, along with any attachments (e.g., trailers), that is a legal user of the transportation network. |
| V2I | Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communications: a system designed to wirelessly exchange information between a vehicle and the infrastructure. |
| V2V | Vehicle-to-Vehicle communications: a system designed to transmit basic safety information between vehicles to facilitate warnings to drivers concerning impending crashes. |
| WAVE | Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments. A WAVE system is a radio communications system intended to provide seamless, interoperable services to transportation. |
4. abbrs
AACNR - Advanced Automatic Crash Notification Relay
AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
AFV - Alternative Fuel Vehicle
ANPRM - Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
ASD - Aftermarket Safety Devices
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials
BSM - Basic Safety Message
CAMP - Collision Avoidance Metrics Partnership
CME - Certificate Management Entities
CSR - Common Safety Request
CVRIA - Connected Vehicles Reference Implementation Architecture
DNPW - Do Not Pass Warning
DSRC - Dedicated Short Range Communications
EMDSS - Enhanced Maintenance Decision Support System
EVA - Emergency Vehicle Alert
FCC - Federal Communications Commission
FCW - Forward Collision Warning
GAO - General Accounting Office
GPS - Global Positioning System
ICA - Intersection Collision Avoidance
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
INC-ZONE - Incident Scene Work Zone Alerts for Drivers and Workers
ISD - Integrated Safety Devices
ISO - International Standards Organization
ITE - Institute of Transportation Engineers
ITS - Intelligent Transportation Systems
JPO - Joint Program Office
LTE - Long-Term Evolution
LTE-D - Long-Term Evolution Direct
MAC - Medium Access Control
MDSS - Maintenance Decision Support System
NEMA - National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NHTSA - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
NMEA - National Marine Electronics Association
NPRM - Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
NTCIP - National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol
OBE - On-Board Equipment
OBU - On-Board Units
OVW - Oversize Vehicle Warning
P2P - Peer-to-Peer
PHY - Physical layer
PSID - Provider Service Identifier
RCW - Railroad Crossing Warning
RFA - Request For Applications
RLVW - Red Light Violation Warning
RSA - Roadside Alert
RSD - Retrofit Safety Devices
RSE - RoadSide Equipment
RSU - RoadSide Unit
RSZW - Reduced Speed Zone Warning
RTCM - Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services
SAE - Society of Automotive Engineers
SCMS - Security Credential Management System
SDO - Standards Development Organization
SPaT - Signal Phase and Timing
SRM - Signal Request Message
SSM - Signal Status Message
STA - Station
TIM - Traveler Information Message
USDOT - United States Department of Transportation
VAD - Vehicle Awareness Device
VDTO - Vehicle Data for Traffic Operations
VTRFTV - Vehicle Turning Right in Front of a Transit Vehicle
WAVE - Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments
WHWZ - Warnings about Hazard in a Work Zone
WLAN> - Wireless Local Area Network
WSMP - WAVE Short Message Protocol
WUWZ - Warnings about Upcoming Work Zone
WWAN - Wireless Wide Area Network
V2I - Vehicle-to-Infrastructure
V2P - Vehicle-to-Pedestrian
V2V - Vehicle-to-Vehicle
5. References
Connected Vehicle Basics
Federal Register and Requests
Deployment (General)
Research Qualified Products List
6. Study Questions
1. Which of the following is NOT a method to reduce crashes in a V2I environment?
2. Which of the following is not a V2I safety application?
3. Which of the following is a data standard?
4. What is a challenge to deploying connected vehicles during the initial "rollout"?
5. What is the current status of connected vehicle standards?